Innovation and Identity: Transformational Leadership as the Key to Pesantren Adaptation in the Era of Globalization

Abstract

This study reveals that transformational leadership has emerged as the dominant model in pesantren during the era of modernization, replacing the traditional role of the kyai as a spiritual authority with that of an innovative agent of change. Focusing on a strong vision, motivation, and intellectual stimulation, transformational kyai not only teach classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning), but also integrate technology and modern management to enhance the quality of education and dakwah (Islamic preaching). For example, pesantren now utilize social media and mobile applications to reach global audiences and manage their institutions more efficiently. This approach allows pesantren to remain relevant amidst the challenges of globalization while maintaining their Islamic identity. Transformational leadership also equips santri (students) to face the modern world with digital skills and critical thinking, while reinforcing the role of pesantren as inclusive centers of education and dakwah. These findings affirm that adaptive and visionary kyai are essential for the sustainability of pesantren in the digital age.